Regulation, educational improvement and collaboration support high-quality dental education

Dr Jane Wardman
by Dr Jane Wardman
Regulation, educational improvement and collaboration support high-quality dental education

Dr Jane Wardman, Clinical Associate Professor in Dental Education at the University of Leeds, explores how dental schools across the UK are putting new General Dental Council requirements into practice.

National standards are set by the General Dental Council for what newly qualified dental professionals should know, be able to do and how they should behave professionally. Dental schools then have an important role in determining how these outcomes are achieved, continually evaluating and improving the quality of education in response to evidence, students, patients and developments in professional practice. Schools also work together, comparing different approaches, sharing expertise and pursuing new activities that would be difficult for individual institutions to undertake alone.

Over the past two years, the relationship between regulation and collaboration has been especially salient, as dental schools across the UK have undertaken significant work at pace to implement changes required by the General Dental Council. These include the Safe Practitioner Framework, which began to take effect in August 2025, and the revised Standards for Education, which came into effect for the 2026/27 academic year. Both apply across training for all dental professions.

Consistent expectations for graduates

The General Dental Council’s Safe Practitioner Framework updated the outcomes and behaviours expected of new graduates. Its revised Standards for Education updated the requirements for universities and other institutions providing dental training across the registered professional groups. Dental schools, through the Dental Schools Council, helped shape both sets of requirements through written consultations and several meetings with the General Dental Council.

The Safe Practitioner Framework introduced a distinction between learning outcomes and professional behaviours. Schools now need to monitor students’ development of professional behaviours over time, rather than relying on individual assessments. Many schools now use digital platforms to capture feedback from educational supervisors across repeated treatments in simulation and on patients. The framework also includes expectations around cultural competence, well-being and environmental sustainability, which schools have incorporated into their teaching.

The General Dental Council sets common outcomes but does not prescribe how schools should deliver them. Dental schools have different student cohorts, local patient populations, clinical specialties and educational expertise, as well as different requirements from their parent universities. Schools therefore develop teaching and assessment approaches suited to their contexts while meeting the same outcomes.

Continuous improvement in dental education

Variation between schools creates opportunities to test and compare different approaches to teaching and assessment. Education researchers within dental schools evaluate these approaches, both formally and informally, and adapt teaching in response to evidence, changes in patient populations and developments in professional practice and technology.

For example, during the pandemic, dental schools had to move parts of their teaching and assessment online and use alternative dental handpieces to reduce the risk of cross-infection. Schools shared their experiences and research on these changes, helping others identify approaches that worked.

Dental education research is also shared nationally through specialist organisations such as the British Society for Oral and Dental Research (BSODR) and the British Alliance for Research in Dental Education and Scholarship (BARDES). Specialist societies contribute educational expertise and curriculum guidance, for example, the British Endodontic Society presented suggested curricula reforms to the Education Leads and Heads of Schools through the Dental Schools Council.

A further example of joint work is differential student attainment. The revised ‘Standards for Education’ require schools to examine differences in assessment outcomes between groups of students and take steps to address gaps where identified. This can be particularly challenging for dental hygiene and therapy programmes, where small cohorts make patterns difficult to identify. Not every school has access to specialist psychometric expertise.

Psychometrics is the statistical analysis of assessments, including how reliably exams measure students’ knowledge and skills. To support schools in investigating differential attainment, the DSC Assessment Alliance has:

  • shared approaches to psychometrics between schools
  • held introductory psychometrics training in March 2026, delivered by Sandra Gibson, a psychometrician at the University of Leeds, for members of the Assessment Alliance and Education Committee
  • established a working group to develop first principles guidance of investigating differential attainment

Schools are also comparing their approaches to reasonable adjustments for students, with internal research being done within the Dental Schools Council to identify best practice.

How regulation, improvement and collaboration work together

The implementation of the new General Dental Council requirements provides an example of how regulation, educational improvement and collaboration work together.

The DSC worked closely with the General Dental Council during the development and implementation of the requirements. Several schools have since undergone inspections against the new standards and have shared their experiences, including what worked well, challenges encountered and feedback from inspectors. This has helped other schools prepare and identify areas where approaches could be improved.

Improvement does not end once new standards have been introduced. Through the DSC Council and its committees, schools continue to identify opportunities to improve education and share expertise. For example, DSC Council is exploring opportunities for shared teaching between dental schools, allowing institutions to draw on national expertise from small specialties.

Alongside this, schools are preparing for further changes to General Dental Council regulation, including its new principles of professionalism.

Maintaining quality through common standards and collaboration

As student cohorts, patient needs, professional practice and technology change, dental education will need to continue adapting. Maintaining common expectations, educational improvement and collaboration between schools will help ensure graduates continue to meet the needs of patients and the profession.

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